Ocular Complications of Targeted Therapy

In recent years, novel molecularly targeted therapies have revolutionized the field of oncology and treatment of several hematologic and solid malignancies. However, many of these agents have been associated with ocular adverse effects, which ophthalmologists should recognize. Here, we summarize many ophthalmic complications that have been reported for tyrosine kinase inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, inhibitors of angiogenesis, mTOR pathway inhibitors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase RAS-RAF signaling pathway, fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors, and immunotherapy agents. Most ophthalmic adverse effects can be managed with ocular therapy without discontinuation of the offending agent; however, it is important to be cognizant of possible vision-threatening side effects, which may warrant treatment cessation.