Organoid Computing: Leveraging Organoid Neural Networks for Artificial Intelligence

Brain organoids, three-dimensional lab-grown brain tissues derived from stem cells, recapitulate certain molecular, cellular, and structural features of a functional brain. By leveraging the neural networks in the brain organoids, a new kind of biological neuromorphic computing system termed ‘Organoid Computing’ has been developed to address the current artificial intelligence (AI) hardware challenges, especially the high energy consumption and sustainability issues. Here we summarize the progress of neuromorphic computing hardware and the concept of biological neuromorphic computing systems. Then, we review the recent conceptual work of organoid computing, elaborate on the engineering methods for better organoid computing platforms, discuss the ethics of organoid computing systems, and provide our perspectives in this field regarding expected platforms and future potential applications.