Security Elements and Threat Analysis of 5G Mobile Network Based on 3GPP 5G NR Standard

With the advent of 5G mobile communication networks, it is possible to transmit and receive large amounts of data faster than LTE, opening the door to a wide array of connected services. However, unlike the previous generation, new antenna equipment is required due to high-frequency bands in 5G. As a result, 5G is divided into non-stand-alone and independent stand-alone modes that can operate in conjunction with LTE. The non-stand-alone mode uses existing LTE infrastructure, potentially exposing it to the same security threats as LTE. This paper aims to identify the security elements and verification procedures in the 4G/5G authentication protocol process based on 3GPP standards. Furthermore, it compares and analyzes the potential security threats from a confidentiality and integrity perspective. The findings are expected to contribute to the future development of next-generation and existing mobile networks from a security standpoint.