A Systematic Review of State-of-the-Art Practices in Multi-user Virtual Reality Learning

This paper explores diverse multi-user learning approaches in Virtual Reality Learning Applications (VRLAs), emphasizing cooperation over collaboration. It provides an overview of multi-user VRLAs, their user engagement types, target groups, subjects, availability, and educational theory integration. Distinguishing between cooperative, collaborative, and social engagement, it also identifies asymmetric cooperation in multi-user experiences. Through systematic literature review, it identifies VRLAs implementing multi-user learning and their design considerations, laying groundwork for future research, particularly in cooperative VRLAs. Highlighting their value in inclusive education, the paper advocates for closer examination of cooperative dynamics in VRLAs to enhance understanding and promote engaging and inclusive learning environments.