This chapter describes an approach to robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or heminephrectomy in pediatric patients. This approach is designed for excision of benign renal tissue. A margin of affected parenchyma is purposely left in situ to minimize risk of injury to the remaining healthy parenchyma. The approach is best suited for a removal of nonfunctional upper or lower pole moieties in cases of duplex kidneys with complete ureteral duplication or excision of large, polar caliceal diverticula. Indications for surgery include recurrent urinary tract infections, episodes of flank pain or nausea and vomiting, or concern for worsening obstruction or drainage during the observation period. Patient selection and preoperative planning are key to modifying the approach to best suit the unique anatomy and avoiding complications.