Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Advanced Techniques and Use of Intraoperative Imaging
摘要
Among nephron-sparing surgical options for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, partial nephrectomy (PN) is the standard of care. Two recently emerging phenomena in the field of PN surgery are driven by robotic surgery: (a) increased utilization of PN in the field and (b) recent technical innovations in the technical aspects of PN surgery. In this chapter, we discuss advanced techniques for PN surgery, such as tumor-specific super-selective clamping PN and minimal-margin zero-ischemia PN, as well as the use of intraoperative imaging modalities, such as laparoscopic Doppler ultrasound and vascular fluorescence imaging with indigo-cyanine dye, which are used to propagate these advanced PN techniques.