Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have emerged as an attractive class of materials that exhibit unique properties and a broad range of applications. These atomically thin, planar structures offer an exceptional combination of physical and chemical properties that makes them desirable for futuristic applications. This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and properties of 2D nanomaterials. This chapter begins with an exploration of various synthesis and fabrication techniques used for 2D nanomaterials, covering both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down approaches such as mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, and electrochemical techniques enable the isolation of atomically thin individual layers from the bulk parent materials. Bottom-up synthesis strategies including chemical vapor deposition, and solution-based synthesis allow for controlled and scalable production of 2D nanomaterials. Furthermore, the chapter examines the structural and chemical properties of 2D nanomaterials, highlighting their distinctive characteristics. The high surface area-to-volume ratio present in these materials provides unprecedented adsorption and catalytic capacity. The lateral dimension of these materials allows for exceptional charge carrier mobility, creating numerous opportunities in electronic applications. The inherent flexibility and ability to intercalate different species within the two-dimensional lattice further expands the functionality of these materials. The chapter concludes by addressing the challenges and future research directions in the field of 2D nanomaterials, highlighting the importance of overcoming scalability, stability, and integration-related issues to unlock their full potential.