Rethinking Europe’s Digital Future: Challenges and Risks from GAFAM

This study analyzes the effects, risks, and opportunities of digitalization for Europe, with a specific focus on the dominance of leading US digital companies known as GAFAM (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, Microsoft). The central research question examines whether Europe could be at risk of falling into digital colonization due to the influence of these tech giants. Through a systematic literature review, the study evaluates Europe’s digital strategy and conducts a risk analysis of the associated economic and social challenges. The findings highlight the critical importance of addressing issues related to IT security, sustainability (green and sustainable IT), and AI safety for businesses operating in the digital landscape.