The abstract is published online only. If you did not include a short abstract for the online version when you submitted the manuscript, the first paragraph or the first 10 lines of the chapter will be displayed here. If possible, please provide us with an informative abstract. EmbryologyEmbryology and neurodevelopmentNeurodevelopment of the eyes are crucial for a better understanding of neuro-ophthalmic disordersNeuro-ophthalmic disorders. The field of pediatric neuro-ophthalmologyNeuro-ophthalmology has burgeoned over the past decade due to the more available diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This multidisciplinary field requires the collaborative work of a geneticist, pediatric ophthalmologist, pediatric ophthalmic-oncologists with coordination of a pediatric neuro-ophthalmologist. EmbryologyEmbryology and early development of eyes as part of the brain can help us to understand developmental, degenerative and ocular pathologyOcular pathology in ophthalmology better. Increasing evidence suggests that the changes of the retinal structure and microvasculature are correlated with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular lesions, which in turn supports the view that the retinaRetina may serve as a window to the brain. Many problem-solving methods for diagnostics of disorders of the central nervous systemCentral nervous system in the childhood period need general anesthesia, which is a very stressful, time-consuming and high costly procedure. However, the introduction of low-cost diagnostic ophthalmic instruments has facilitated the use of retinal imagingImaging for the detection and management of neurodevelopmental disorders in the infanthood period. In this chapter, we will give an overview of embryologyEmbryology, ocular and neurological development, as well as an overview of the use of Optical Coherence TomographyOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Neonatology and Pediatric Neuro- ophthalmology.