Purpose: To analyze the advantages of optical coherence tomography (OCTOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT)) or OCT angiography (OCTAOCT angiography (OCTA)) to detect retinal nerve fiber layerRetinal nerve fiber layer (RNFLRetinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL)) thickness abnormalities, changes in the maculaMacula and in the choroidal thickness in amblyopic patients. Methods: Studies were selected through an electronic search onOptic Neuritis (ON) PUBMED, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR using the following terms: “Optical coherence tomographyOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in amblyopiaAmblyopia”, “OCTOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and amblyopiaAmblyopia”, “Optical coherence tomographyOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and anisometropic amblyopiaAmblyopia”, “Optical coherence tomographyOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and strabismic amblyopiaAmblyopia”. Results Optical coherence tomographyOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a rapid, non-invasive imagingImaging technique allowing objective quantification of retinal structures with high resolution; it can be successfully applied to young children, even those who are neurologically disabled or less cooperative. New generations devices, such as spectral domain OCTOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT), have led to a dramatic increase in sensitivity that enables high-speed imagingImaging. Furthermore, the OCT angiographyOCT angiography (OCTA) advent has allowed us to study the retinal circulation in an accurate and non-invasive way. It can also be performed in children without technical and physical difficulties of fluorescein angiography. Discussion: OCTOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and OCT angiographyOCT angiography (OCTA) could be useful technologies for evaluating progressive choroidal and RNFLRetinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL) thinning and changes in the maculaMacula in amblyopiaAmblyopia. Evidence for direct retinal changes in eyes with amblyopiaAmblyopia has been controversial, so that further studies with large sample are required.