Roadmap Toward Sustainable Practices Using Biomaterials as Alternative Pavement Materials: Review on Research Limitations and Opportunities

The road infrastructures allow different type mobilities, and social and economic interactions and activities. However, current road infrastructure systems are rarely imagined and designed to overcome the main societal and environmental challenges such as the GHG emissions or the lack of finite and sometimes critical raw resources. Therefore, troubles due to their construction and lifetime cannot be ignored. It is thus central to identify methods to mitigate their overall undesired impact and make them more sustainable over the years. The valorisation of biomaterials, mainly from wastage of different industries, has emerged as a way to make the current transport infrastructure more sustainable. Toward the use of biomaterials as alternative pavement materials it is hence central to identify current barriers and encouraging opportunities to their implementation in the current research and practices ecosystem. Using a literature review and meta-analysis methodology, the goal of the study is to raise awareness and consciousness on the likely limitations in the development of pavement with biomaterials, the changes opportunities and the required areas of research to consider to overcome the identified barriers, and propose a roadmap allowing to reach a cutting-edge development toward sustainable pavement research during the full cycle of the materials.