Complications of Tracheal Intubation

Despite being a common procedure performed in neonates, complications from tracheal intubation occurs frequently. These complications are often related to immediate cardiovascular and respiratory response to the procedure, trauma to oral and airway structures from the laryngoscope blade or the endotracheal tube, and chronic airway injuries from prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation. Many patient-, provider-, and practice-related factors are associated with these complications, some modifiable and others nonmodifiable. Knowledge of the modifiable risk factors, and strategies to address them, can help reduce the risk of these complications. This chapter discusses the acute and chronic complications of tracheal intubation, the associated risk factors, and prevention strategies to reduce these complications.