Renal Artery and Vein Thrombosis

Macrovascular disorders of the kidney are rare causes of kidney injury, yet their incidence is underestimated due to the non-specific clinical presentation that may mimic other, more common, intraabdominal disorders. Accordingly, renal artery and vein thrombosis are frequently misdiagnosed or diagnosed late in clinical practice, posing the risk of irreversible loss of renal parenchyma. In addition, there is a lack of consensus and adequate guidelines, hence the treatment approach relies on the experience driven from case series or individual case reports. Nonetheless, a thorough multidisciplinary approach is essential to identify the underlying etiology and guide patient management. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the vascular complications of the main renal artery and vein.