Renal Vascular Anomalies

Renal vascular anomalies encompass both congenital and acquired abnormalities of the renal vasculature, including renal artery aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistulas. Renal aneurysms are slow-growing but rupture has high mortality. Traditional surgical excision has been progressively replaced by minimally invasive closing techniques using stents, coils and other materials, with good results and reduced risks, even in cases with complex anatomy. Arteriovenous fistulas can lead to heart failure and are becoming more frequent secondary to an increase in renal interventions, such as needle biopsies. Interventional closure is challenging because of increased flow, but success rate is extremely high, with few cases requiring surgical repair.