The Impact of Gold Mining on Soil Biogeochemistry and Environmental Health

Gold is one the precious minerals that have contributed to economic growth of many nations in the world. Gold mining activities have different effects on the environment in which the disruption of biogechemical processes is a major impact. The depletion of biogeochemical processes may lead to nutrient cycling, microbial communities, and ecosystem health. Depletion of biogeochemical processes by gold mining activities may affect microbial communities which are essential to soil fertility and indirectly to human wellbeing. The use of toxic metals like cyanide and mercury in gold processing pose dangers to both the ecosystem and human health of people living within the surroundings. Pathways for the presence of toxic elements in the environment include: surficial water contamination, sod and sediments tainting, bioaccumulation and biomagnification, and occupational exposure. Toxic elements in the environment may also contribute to many health issues experienced in human beings. Remediation procedures can be employed to mitigate the effect of gold mining activities on the environment. It is also important to carry out detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) before the commencement of gold exploitation. Governmental and professional regulations for gold exploitation should be strictly adhered to by players in the auriferous ore industry. Also, there must be cordial relationships between the exploitation companies and the community who are important stakeholders in this matter through corporate social responsibilities. The community must also be involved in decision making to reduce the impact of the exploitation processes.