Tsunamis in the Northwest Indian Ocean: With Emphasis on Oman—Risks and Resilience

The Northwest Indian Ocean faces significant, albeit infrequent, tsunami threats due to its geological makeup and concentrated socioeconomic activity along coastlines. This chapter explores the origins, historical impacts, and current risks associated with tsunamis in the region, with a focus on Oman's vulnerability. It analyzes deterministic and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments, highlighting the importance of continuous research and international cooperation in building resilience against these natural disasters. Case studies of the devastating 1945 Makran Subduction Zone tsunami and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami serve as examples to illustrate the region's vulnerability. The chapter emphasizes the critical role of technological advancements in early warning systems, community preparedness measures, and robust governance frameworks in mitigating future risks.