Genetic Resources of Cardamom: A Global Perspective

Cardamom, one of the oldest spices globally, believed to be originated from India and Sri Lanka. Guatemala now stands as the largest producer of commercial cardamom. The reproductive biology of cardamom reveals its herbaceous perennial nature, propagated through seeds or rhizomes. Cultivation and breeding efforts have led to the development of distinct varieties like Malabar, Mysore, and Vazhukka, each suited to different altitudes and environmental conditions. Genetic diversity plays a crucial role in cardamom’s agronomic properties, with ongoing breeding programs focused on enhancing yield, disease resistance, and other desirable traits. Looking ahead, climate change poses challenges to cardamom cultivation, emphasizing the need for research into its genetic adaptation to varying altitudes and environmental conditions. Genomic studies offer promise for developing high-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties/clones, ensuring the sustainability of cardamom farming and its continued contribution to global spice production and economic prosperity. In the days to come, utilization of Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) is vital to introducing new genetic variation to any cop species, and cardamom is exception.