Taxonomy for Tactile Interaction on Large Braille Displays

The Disability Equality Act states that disabled individuals and their needs should always be taken into account in any civilized society. Free and equal access to digital content and applications is an integral component of today's information and communication society. For those who are blind or visually impaired, however, operating with today's graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is a significant challenge. The development of appropriate computer-based tools and interaction strategies is crucial to address this issue. Navigation mechanisms, orientation aids, and corresponding content preparation are necessary to visually present screen information. Thus, it is important to be able to manage large quantities of information and process it either audibly through voice, or by employing tactile interaction. A Flat Braille display can assist with this task. In this paper, the objective is to determine the degree to which a Flat Braille display facilitates blind individuals’ effective and efficient operation with graphic user interfaces (GUI). To facilitate operation on a tactile area display, the contents should be organized consistently. A brand-new type of tactile window system has been developed to help in achieving this goal. It supports a variety of tactile display types in addition to dividing the output into multiple discontinuous areas. In this regard, we suggest creating a taxonomy that can be useful for the design and the evaluation of these tactile user interfaces as well as the user interactions that occur within them. The proposed taxonomy can aid in the systemic design and evaluation of tactile user interfaces.