Although water represents two-third of our planet, we are facing a serious water shortage. The water crisis is the most pervasive, serious and invisible dimension of the earth's ecological devastation. Wastewater reuse has been considered as a promising solution to cope with the problem of water deficiency around the word. Both at the domestic and industrial levels, recycling and reuse of wastewater could have several sustainable benefits. The recycled water can be reused in the original process, reused in another process, or used in another sector or application. The implementation of wastewater reuse should take into account all the various types of affected stakeholders, accounting in addition for the external costs and benefits derived from the reuse decision. The objective of this chapter is to analyze the potential of wastewater reuse mainly for agricultural purposes stressing the toxicological aspects due to the potential presence of contaminants in these waters.