Conceptualizing Online L2 Learner Engagement

This chapter conceptualizes the concept of synchronous online learner engagement (SOLE) in online L2 classrooms. Before delineating this key concept, the chapter firstly describes the distinctive context within which online learner engagement is shaped and occurs. The chapter then presents a historical review of how face-to-face learner engagement is conceptualized, moving from single-dimensional to multidimensional standpoints, and outlines the developments made in defining this concept in the context of L2 learning. Drawing on insights from this existing research on face-to-face learner engagement, the chapter shifts its focus to conceptualizing SOLE. Characteristics of SOLE are subsequently described, with comparisons to face-to-face learner engagement. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the role of SOLE in L2 learning in synchronous online settings.