GIS-Supported Analysis of the Variation of Costs for Sewage Sludge Transport to Final Disposal Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina (4 Case Studies)

This study investigates the transportation and disposal of sewage sludge in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on Mostar, Sarajevo, Trebinje, and Čitluk. Employing geospatial analysis and cost calculations, it aims to identify cost-effective and sustainable disposal methods. The research evaluates the logistical and economic aspects of sludge management, including transportation costs to various disposal sites and the financial impact of different disposal methods such as agricultural use, landfilling, thermal treatment, and export. The findings underscore the significance of integrating spatial and economic data in the decision-making process for sludge disposal. By comparing the costs associated with each disposal option, the study provides insights into the most economically viable and environmentally sustainable strategies. Recommendations are made for a strategic approach that incorporates cost-effectiveness with environmental considerations. This work offers essential guidance for developing efficient waste management practices in Bosnia and Herzegovina, contributing to the broader field of environmental sustainability and waste management. Still, due to the limited data on the issue, and lack of any specific sludge treatment method in BiH, this work represents a rather general approach, an impact of inflation, fuel price fluctuations, and changes in labor costs on the overall cost over time in case of specific and known final sludge application locations ask for remodeling for final decision making. As well, transport cost variations need to be compared with the sludge treatment costs, which was not possible due to the lack of treatment in the country.