From Product-Service Systems to Smart Product-Service Systems. A Survey About German Companies and Practical Implications

This paper discusses a study conducted in Germany on smart product-service systems and their adoption among companies. The study examines the current state of the implementation of smart product-service systems, the importance of digital technologies, motivations for adoption, challenges faced, and the need for support. The findings show that 40% of surveyed companies are preparing to use or already utilize applications for smart product-service systems. Large companies and those in the industrial sector are more likely to have implemented smart product-service systems. Companies with experience in smart product-service systems prioritize digital technologies such as the Internet of Things. Motivations for adoption include leveraging data, increasing competitiveness, meeting customer requirements, and creating new value. Challenges vary between experienced and inexperienced companies, with the former facing issues related to data protection, security, and costs, while the latter struggle with strategies, concepts, and human resources. System and solution providers have the highest adoption rate, followed by product providers, with service providers lagging behind. The study provides valuable insights for companies considering the implementation of smart product-service systems and offers guidance on technology integration, motivations, challenges, and the need for support.