Digital Twins (DT) Applied to the Customization of 3D Printed Scara Robots Using Intelligent Manufacturing

The study presented the successful development of a digital twin using Blender software, the BlendixSerial library and a Scara robot built by 3D printing and controlled by an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller. Choosing open-source tools not only reduced costs by eliminating the need for costly licenses, but also allowed efficient customization of the system to meet specific project needs. The results obtained demonstrated the ability of the digital twin to operate satisfactorily, enabling precise synchronization of movements between the physical robot and the virtual model through a low-cost project. Using the BlendixSerial library, efficient communication was established between the microcontroller and Blender, allowing control of the robot's motors directly from the 3D simulation environment. During the tests, it was observed that the Scara robot, with two 180º MG996R servomotors for the X and Y axes, and one 360º MG966R servomotor for the Z axis, could perform fluid and precise movements. However, some intermittent failures were identified in the processing of servomotors by the Arduino Uno R3 due to limited hardware processing capacity. The work significantly contributes to advancing research into low-cost digital twins by providing an affordable and effective framework for simulation and analysis of physical systems. With continuous improvements in the hardware and software used, digital twins are expected to become an even more powerful tool in industrial and educational applications.