Cybersecurity Integration in the Circular Economy: Maximizing Sustainability in Industry 4.0

The integration of cybersecurity into the circular economy is vital to ensuring the transition towards circular practices in Industry 4.0. While the importance of cybersecurity is acknowledged, there is a gap in the literature regarding its direct impact on the circular economy. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between cybersecurity and the circular economy from economic, social, and environmental perspectives. A multi-case study methodology was employed to assess the influence of cybersecurity on various indicators of the circular economy. The findings indicate a limited and sector-specific application. Notably, cybersecurity plays a significant role in enhancing process control and reducing uncertainty in industrial decision-making. Furthermore, by safeguarding cyber-physical systems, it ensures the safe operation of industrial systems, preventing physical damage to facilities and mitigating risks to individuals. Although it is assumed that these measures can mitigate risks of environmental pollution, our study does not confirm such effects and suggests a limited impact on environmental indicators.