Conclusions and Policy Recommendations

The chapter summarises and concludes on the determinants of fuel choice and consumption in rural India. The double hurdle model has identified demographic characteristics like family size, age of the family and age and sex of the family head; economic factors like income and land; and social factors such as education of the family and its head and religious beliefs. This chapter also makes a comparative analysis of the double hurdle model by including and excluding land. This study observes the variations of determinants for bottom and top quartiles, largest populated state (UP), castes and sex of the household heads. Female voice in decision-making process might bring positive change in fuel consumption patterns of households in rural India. Education and advancement of the economic position of the households change their attitude towards clean. The policymakers may also think about educational attainment and rural land distribution. Asset reallocation policy in rural areas should be assigned with carbon accounting and green credit that definitely ensures targets of SDGs within 2030. Accessibility and availability of alternative clean fuels must be ensured for all.