Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of movement and posture due to damage to immature brain. Early brain malformations and congenital or postnatal lesions affect not only the motor areas of the brain but also many levels of the visual pathways, leading to various visual disorders. Ocular and visual abnormalities are very frequent in cerebral palsy (50–90%). The severity of those abnormalities is related to the location, the timing, and the extent of the brain damage. Most CP children show impaired visual acuity; visual fields; contrast sensitivity; eye coordination; binocular vision; ocular motility affecting the fixation, saccades, and smooth pursuits; visual perception; and visuomotor skills. Since visual impairment affects the psychomotor development of a child globally, as well as the quality of life in adulthood, an early neuro-visual intervention program planning is necessary. Ocular, visual abnormalities, visual problems related to all types of CP, and recommendations are reviewed in this chapter.

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Visual Impairment in Children with Cerebral Palsy

  • Nikolaos Kozeis,
  • Saurabh Jain

摘要

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of movement and posture due to damage to immature brain. Early brain malformations and congenital or postnatal lesions affect not only the motor areas of the brain but also many levels of the visual pathways, leading to various visual disorders. Ocular and visual abnormalities are very frequent in cerebral palsy (50–90%). The severity of those abnormalities is related to the location, the timing, and the extent of the brain damage. Most CP children show impaired visual acuity; visual fields; contrast sensitivity; eye coordination; binocular vision; ocular motility affecting the fixation, saccades, and smooth pursuits; visual perception; and visuomotor skills. Since visual impairment affects the psychomotor development of a child globally, as well as the quality of life in adulthood, an early neuro-visual intervention program planning is necessary. Ocular, visual abnormalities, visual problems related to all types of CP, and recommendations are reviewed in this chapter.