Nuclear or molecular imaging (N/MI) is a functional imaging method, which utilizes radiopharmaceuticals (RPHs) to prepare the patient and special detectors to map and measure the distribution of the administered RPHs inside the body. RPHs are biologically active molecules labeled with radioactive isotopes (or radionuclides). They target either normal tissues or specific pathology (e.g., tumors and infection) and are administered in absolutely safe and harmless small quantities. N/MI provides a non-invasive evaluation of patients with or at risk of developing cerebral palsy and predicts the outcome of these patients. It has also an established role for the localization of seizure foci in epilepsy, which is present in approximately two fifths of patients with cerebral palsy. Other positron emission tomography (PET) tracers are used in some neurological centers, including 18F-fluoroflumazenil for the evaluation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor and 11C-alpha-methyl-l-tryptophan to assess serotonin function. Finally, PET imaging may have a role to assess the effectiveness of stem cell transplants in patients with cerebral palsy.