Human-Centered Edge Artificial Intelligence for Smart Factory Applications in Industry 5.0: A Review and Perspective

The integration of Human-Centered Edge Artificial Intelligence (HCE-AI) in smart factories within the framework of Industry 5.0. Industry 5.0 emphasizes collaboration between humans and advanced technologies to create sustainable, people-centered production environments. The vast amount of data generated by factory sensors presents opportunities for machine learning models to enhance predictive maintenance. However, challenges such as latency, cybersecurity risks, and the lack of transparency in AI decision-making persist. This chapter highlights research perspectives like Explainable AI (XAI), Federated Learning, Self-supervised Learning, 1-bit machine, and advanced quantization techniques to address these issues. With its ability to process data locally, Edge AI reduces latency and enhances real-time response capabilities. This article also discusses the role of Digital Twins in optimizing performance and predictive maintenance. By leveraging these technologies, smart factories can achieve higher efficiency, safety, and sustainability, thus aligning with the human-centric in the 5.0 revolution.