Introduction to Zinc–Sulfur Batteries

Overview of battery technology global industrialization has significantly amplified the demand for electrical power, straining traditional energy sources and contributing to environmental challenges such as climate change and water scarcity. These pressures have intensified the need for sustainable, renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower. However, the intermittent nature of these renewables requires reliable and cost-efficient energy storage solutions to ensure grid stability and continuous energy supply. Zinc-sulfur (Zn–S) batteries are gaining attention as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries. Zn–S batteries utilize abundant, non-toxic materials, offering advantages such as high theoretical capacity, low cost, safety, and environmental compatibility. Despite their potential, challenges such as sulfur’s low conductivity, zinc anode corrosion, and limited cycle life must be addressed to improve performance. This chapter explores the historical development and importance and application of Zn–S batteries.