Development of Green Approach for Environmental Decontamination of Heavy Metals: Soil-Microbe-Plant Interaction

Rapid industrialization, mining tailings runoff, and agricultural operations are frequently destructive to the health of the soil and can release toxic heavy metals into the environment, which can have adverse effects on the health of humans and ecosystems. This book chapter highlights recent developments in biotechnological methods and strategies to enhance phytoremediation and microbial bioremediation. It is possible to use plants and bacteria to clean up and prevent environmental pollution. This green technology has emerged as one of the most attractive and popular practices for using eco-friendly processes as filters or traps to accumulate and stabilize heavy metal contaminants. This chapter explores the interactions of plants, microbes, and the soil environment for the remediation of heavy metals from the soil environment. This chapter’s conclusion offers insights into the mechanisms underpinning remediation tactics, major difficulties, and future directions for the rehabilitation of agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals using ecologically acceptable methods.