Genomic medicine, which entails the use of an individual’s genomic data to guide healthcare, has the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery through precision medicine (PM). PM is an innovative healthcare approach that goes beyond the traditional one-size-fits-all practice. PM integrates a diverse range of individualized data to provide targeted medical interventions. This approach is intricately linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 and a human-centered society, as envisioned by Society 5.0. Recent advancements in technological innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, are becoming the catalyst for the integration of extensive datasets to formulate predictive models that enable individualized care. However, along with the promise of PM are several ethical issues that threaten health equity. This paper presents the result of a systematic literature review which investigated the dimensions of ethical issues in PM. We retrieved 355 peer-reviewed papers published between 2019 and 2023 from three databases using author-defined search phrases and three quality assessment criteria. Thirty-one papers were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. An important outcome of our analysis is a visual representation of the landscape of ethical concerns in PM through the mapping of the context of PM ethical concerns (e.g., genomic analysis and medical specialization), their dimensions (e.g., discrimination, privacy, and informed consent) and the implications of the ethical issues reported within these contexts. Given the potential of PM as an enabler of individualized healthcare, policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers must address the ethical issues associated with PM to ensure equity in healthcare delivery.