History of Iraq Based on Archaeological Sites

In this research, we have indicated how to know the history of any region, through the presence or appearance of man in it, through the material remains that he left, which have passed thousands of years, and the history of any civilization can be known through the appearance or activity of man in it, so we relied in this research on the oldest archaeological sites in Iraq to know the depth of its civilization, so we refer to the ancient Stone Ages, and the emergence of the most important archaeological sites in northern Iraq, then we mentioned the most important archaeological sites in southern Mesopotamia and the emergence of the oldest settlements that appeared in Ubaid and then Eridu, Then came the emergence of the Uruk period, which was the dividing line between prehistoric and historical periods, due to the emergence of writing in the fourth layer in Uruk. Then we mentioned the sequence of important periods, such as the period of the Early dynastic periods, and the Akkadian period, then the period of the Gutian occupation, and after it the rising of the Sumerian civilization, then the ancient Babylonian period and the ancient Assyrian period, and the most important centers of civilization such as the city of Ashur, Nineveh and Babylon, then the period of foreign occupation such as the Achaemenid, Persian and Sassanian periods, with the presence of the most important centers of civilization such as Hatra in northern Iraq, and Al-Hirah in southern Iraq, then the emergence of the Islamic period and the Ottoman period, then the British occupation and the beginning of a new period of establishing the Iraqi state and the sovereignty of the monarchy, then democracy and the establishment of the modern state.