Deep Space Conditions

We refer to the environment of interplanetary space as deep space, in contrast to the space in the vicinity of a planet, such as Earth, Venus, or Jupiter. This chapter highlights the dominant factors to consider when designing a mission that traverses interplanetary space, with emphasis on solar flux and harmful radiation. Solar flux is particularly important as it defines the habitable zone and the frost line, both of which are crucial in the search for water. In technical terms, solar flux is a decisive factor in the development of solar-electric propulsion systems. Radiation presents a severe challenge for both humans and machines.