Demographic Trends and Human Impact on Landscape: A Corine Land Cover Data Analysis of Artificial Surface Expansion

This study assesses the influence of artificial surfaces and demographic changes on landscape dynamics within and around Romania’s protected areas since 2000. Utilizing Corine Land Cover data, we analyzed land use and land cover changes in 13 natural parks and two geoparks, excluding Vacaresti Natural Park due to its distinct characteristics that made it irrelevant for such an analysis. Our findings reveal a general trend of decreasing population within these areas, with significant variations in the expansion of artificial surfaces. Specifically, while most areas witnessed a reduction in artificial surfaces and demographic figures, notable exceptions were observed. The protective status of these parks has contributed to mitigating unrestricted urban expansion, preserving natural landscapes and biodiversity. However, economic growth, demographic shifts, and land-use modifications pose ongoing challenges to the balance between conservation efforts and developmental pressures. Our study underscores the importance of adaptive management practices, integrating socioeconomic development with environmental conservation to ensure the sustainability of these natural reserves. The results highlight the crucial role of protected areas in balancing ecological preservation with human activity, calling for continuous refinement of conservation strategies amid evolving socioeconomic landscapes.