From the beginning of the human race, some individuals always requested to understand the experiences and observations they had of intellectual and natural incidents. This led to the origination of philosophy, theology, law and in particular the natural sciences. In earlier times, persons wanted to know for example the laws of fluids and the laws of moving bodies as well as the structure and the motion of stars, suns, planets and other celestial bodies. Sometimes the explanation they had for certain observations were not accurate. The most famous example is the Ptolemaic View of the World, which was the basis of thinking for centuries. During the Scientific Revolution in the second half of the sixteenth century, the science of nature became an autonomous discipline, distinct from philosophy and replacing the Christianity. The shift from the geocentric system to the heliocentric system, strongly supported by the invention of the telescope, was a significant milestone in the evolution of natural science. From that time on, the influence of any religious faith on observations of nature and physical processes and their scientific explanations has steadily decreased. In the last centuries, natural sciences, in particular physics have experienced an extreme expansion, for example in optics, acoustics, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism as well as in modern physics with quantum mechanics, the theory of elementary particles, the theory of relativity, etc. Present-day advancements are based predominantly on rationalism. There are often a few individuals, who are responsible for developments having seminal character. In this chapter a selection of 25 scientists, who made significant contributions to fluid mechanics, the new world view (heliocentric system) and the mathematics of field theory, including infinitesimal calculus, vector-tensor algebra and analysis, continuum approach, are portrayed. The lifetime and periods of appearances of these scientists are listed in Fig. 18.1.