Fisheries in the Patagonian Shelf-Break Front

The Patagonian Shelf-Break Front (PSBF) holds significant global importance as a crucial fishing zone, distinguished by its remarkable species diversity and abundance. Fisheries within the PSBF encompass not only Argentine fleets operating within and beyond the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone (AEEZ) but also fleets from multiple distant countries actively engaged in fishing within this highly productive region of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. The primary concentration of fishing activities predominantly occurs within a critical region referred to as the “Blue Hole,” situated between the 200-meter isobath and the boundary of the AEEZ. This highly productive area attracts intensive distant-country fishing operations, notably targeting the Argentine shortfin squid by the jigging fleet and demersal fish by the trawler fleet. A substantial portion of the fishing resources linked with the PSBF comprises straddling species, freely traversing between the AEEZ and international waters without specific fishing regulations governing activities in the high seas. Presently, there is an absence of an international or multilateral agreement to effectively manage this area. The Argentine shortfin squid stands as the most significant fishing species in terms of catches along the PSBF. The considerable fishing endeavors of multiple countries in the region are primarily focused on exploiting this particular resource. In high seas areas beyond national jurisdiction, the concentration of fisheries presents substantial impediments to comprehending both human activities and the natural variability of species. These challenges primarily stem from inherent temporal and spatial constraints. Notably, the PSBF and the Blue Hole stand out as vulnerable zones due to heightened fishing activities carried out by distant countries’ fleets. This situation may potentially exacerbate existing concerns, such as those related to climate change. The impact of these fisheries on biodiversity and the intricate local food web remains poorly understood, highlighting the critical necessity for in-depth investigations within the PSBF. Such an inquiry is of paramount significance as it is poised to furnish essential data crucial for the integrated and sustainable management of this region alongside its concurrent fisheries operations.