The phenomenon of climate change has far-reaching implications for well-being, food security, human security, and agriculture. However, the effects as well as adaptation vary considerably and are largely context specific. Additionally, adaptation measures may differ by the gender of the farmers because of socially created gender roles. This highlights the need to understand different adaptation strategies across different climatic zones and genders. This study simultaneously looks at what drives climate adaptation across different agro-ecologies and whether the gender of the farmer matters for adaptation. This study is based on the semi-structured interview survey data obtained from two distinct agro-ecological zones in Cameroon, the Western Highlands (West Region) and the Bimodal Rainforest zone (South Region), conducted by the National Observatory on Climate Change (NOCC) of Cameroon. The study employed multivariate probit models to estimate the effects of different factors on the adoption of different adaptation practices. The findings suggest that farmers simultaneously adopt different adaptation strategies, with agricultural calendar adjustment, crop irrigation, and the use of mineral fertilizers being the most prevalent, and these strategies differ by zone. Specifically, over 60% of the farmers adjust their agricultural calendar, whereas 31% adopt mineral fertilizers. Crop irrigation is the least adopted practice with only about 7% of the sampled farmers adopting it. There are remarkable gender differences in adoption, with male farmers adopting more than female farmers do across all three practices. Additionally, more than 60% of the male farmers adopt at least one practice compared to 48% female farmers. There are also notable differences in adoption across the two agro-ecological zones. In the West region, approximately 63.64% of farmers adopt at least one practice, whereas only about 48.21% of farmers do so in the South. Different factors drive the adoption of adaptation practices. Specifically, age, level of education, farming experience, farm income, membership in farmers’ organizations, and access to media positively drive the adoption of the agricultural calendar adjustment. Gender, secondary and professional education, farming experience, farm income, and access to media increase the likelihood of adopting crop irrigation. Finally, gender, income, access to credit, access to technical support, and access to media positively drive the adoption of mineral fertilizers. The role of gender as a driver of all adaptation measures is notable and suggests that gender disparities in terms of access to economic, physical, and human resources should be addressed as a means of improving adaptation. Additionally, such gender differences should be considered when promoting climate change adaptation measures. The results of the study suggest that different adaptation interventions should be tailored for different climatic zones as well as for male and female farmers. A one-size-fits-all approach cannot satisfactorily improve climate change adaptation.