Climate change affects negatively all aspects of food systems, including production, distribution, and access; however, this disproportionate impact has intensified in the Global South. These disruptions lead to severe consequences that are often latent in the short term yet manifest in the long term, such as malnutrition, undernutrition, labor shortages, health problems, and increased poverty levels. Thus, the main goal of the present chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latent and manifest challenges arising from climate change on food security in the Global South. It also highlights the nexus between environmental and socio-economic issues, indicating the heightened need for adaptive and resilient approaches to ensure sustainable food systems. The chapter also shows the importance of community-based adaptation strategies in the Global South countries in mitigating the impacts of climate change on food systems and effectively responding to its effects. This highlights how the role of social capital in building community resilience is important. In addition, maintaining and enhancing local ecosystems’ health is crucial for effective adaptation strategies to establish sustainable food systems. Even though globally recognized and locally appropriated top-down approaches are widely accepted as formal mechanisms and funded, local-level community-based approaches are often encouraged as sustainable approaches to responding to issues resulting from climate change. These approaches leverage local knowledge, promote self-mobilization, and ensure active participation, addressing the challenges posed by climate change. Integrating ecosystem-based approaches, enhancing social capital, and providing policy support are critical for scaling up these efforts. By adopting these strategies, communities can enhance their resilience, ensuring food security and sustainable development.