The Utility of Large Mammalian Isolated Heart Models to Perform Multi-Channel Recordings and Analyses of Cardiac Rhythmicity and Conductivity In Vitro

Cardiovascular research employs a milieu of preclinical experimental models to investigate various conditions of health and disease ranging from cellular and whole organ preparations to computer modeling simulations. Uniquely, the use of an isolated perfused heart model allows for the separation of cardiac and systemic variables, while still enabling typical measures used in cardiac research including myocardial function, metabolism, and responses to pharmacological, mechanical, and electrical components. A current survey of the literature reveals that such preparations can vary greatly in design, including: (1) choice of animal model; (2) employed perfusion modes; (3) perfusate compositions; and/or (4) procedural techniques. Further, a wide array of measurements can be taken in these denervated hearts, allowing one to conduct research in the absence of the confounding effects of sympathetic and vagal stimulations. Further, employing high-resolution multimodal imaging and monitoring technologies allows researchers to gain further insights into the intracardiac environment and to visualize the impact of various surgical procedures or implant techniques on specific device–tissue interfaces. This chapter summarizes the major methodologies used to support these preclinical research models, provides examples of usage, and clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of reanimated isolated heart models in comparison with other types of cardiovascular research.