Water Wave Simulation After a Bubble Rupture

Visualizing bubbles based on a physical simulation is a critical issue because bubbles are used in movies and commercial films. A bubble is composed of two types of fluids: air and liquid, which is usually water, and the density ratio of water to air is approximately 1,000. Then, two-path simulations are needed for the multi-phase flow because the low-density fluid (air) is compressed by the high-density fluid (water) if the calculation is performed simultaneously for both liquids. However, the two-path simulation generates a gap in the boundary between the two materials. The shape of the bubble changes when it rises in the water or drifts on the water surface, whereas the topology changes when it ruptures. Then, a particle method is employed for the rupture simulation of a bubble, and the particle position should be shifted to prevent the gap between two liquids and high pressure between particles. The particle shift, however, sometimes may cause high pressure at places to prevent other particles from approaching too close, and it is very difficult to visualize the behavior of a bubble that is rupturing. Therefore, it is challenging to simulate and visualize the behavior of a bubble, and there is little research on this topic. In addition, the center of the water surface where the bubble has been located uplifts, and a wave is generated after the bubble ruptures. In this study, we report a simulation in which a bubble rises in the water and a wave is generated after the rupture.