Monitoring System of Chemical Variables in Agricultural Soils Using IoT Technology

This article describes the development and implementation of a chemical variable monitoring system in agricultural soils using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system was designed to measure essential macronutrients in the soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, using a device composed of a sensor node with an NPK sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, and LoRa technology to transmit the data to a local server. Tests were conducted on kidney tomato and carnation crops, with 24 and 32 samples, respectively. When comparing the real-time results with those from the traditional laboratory, an error ranging from 2% to 7% was observed, depending on the number of samples, allowing for a more efficient soil treatment before planting.