Congenital Mitral Valve Disease

Mitral valveMitral valve disease usually occurs in association with other congenital lesions. Regurgitation or stenosis may occur isolated or in combination. Defects resulting in a dysfunctional mitral valveMitral valve can be related to any structure of the valve, including supravalvular obstruction, annular and leaflet abnormalities, or pathologies of the subvalvar apparatus (i.e., papillary muscles and chordae). Mitral valveMitral valve pathologies typically present with variable signs of heart failureHeart failure and pulmonary venous hypertension. Limited by the options for valve prostheses, valve repair is favored, even though higher than usual residual dysfunction must be accepted. A multitude of surgical techniques have been described to specifically address the various underlying pathologies. Valve replacementValve replacement has been shown to impair outcome and is limited by annular size and early need for re-replacement. Catheter valves implanted in a hybrid procedureHybrid procedure may offer new options as they allow replacement in small patients and offer stepwise dilation toMitral valve replacement accommodate growth.