Geoinformation Technology for Modeling and Mapping Flooding Territory in the Event of the Dnipro Hydroelectric Power Station Dam Failure

Flooding caused by dam breaks is much more dangerous because of the suddenness and high speed of water spread to river floods. In the event of dam damage for any reason, there is a serious threat to the settlements located downstream due to the large volume of water in its reservoir. Hence, the rapid delivery of comprehensive and current spatial information is essential for formulating optimal management strategies during incidents at critical infrastructure sites. Utilizing topographic and satellite data emerges as a highly effective method for forecasting the outcomes of such emergencies. The paper carries out 2D and 3D modeling of flooding resulting from the destruction of the Dnipro Hydroelectric Power Station dam, located in Zaporizhzhia, using QGIS software and the Python programming language. Geoinformation technology enabled the creation of maps depicting road traffic in areas at risk of flooding due to the dam’s destruction. Additionally, these maps incorporate data on the potential flooding of agricultural lands, identifying areas susceptible to inundation. It allows for an understanding of the emergency’s possible impact on agriculture and facilitates the implementation of measures to protect crops. The Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) for the Dnipro HPS was calculated in this study and is 0.92. This value confirms that the dam height, although an important factor, is not decisive for flood vulnerability in this region. The proposed technology can help develop emergency plans and monitor the consequences of an emergency at the Dnipro HPS.