Anterior and Posterior Chest Wall Blocks

With the emergence of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols and fast-track pathways in cardiac surgery, the utilization of chest wall blocks has grown significantly. This is attributed to their effectiveness in providing pain relief and reducing the need for opioids, particularly in the context of early postoperative extubation and mobilization. Concerns regarding the use of neuraxial techniques in anticoagulated patients have prompted the exploration of ultrasound-guided thoracic wall blocks as a valuable alternative to epidurals and paravertebral blocks in cardiac surgery. Originally developed as analgesic procedures, these blocks have rapidly evolved into safe and effective anesthetic techniques for critically ill patients who are spontaneously breathing. They offer an alternative to general anesthesia, intubation, and associated potential respiratory complications.