Haemodynamic Considerations

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are widely employed and have been proven to lead to significantly better outcomes in terms of complications and time to recovery after surgery with significant cost implications in both noncardiac and cardiac surgery. ERAS is heralded as an essential aspect of the future improvement of surgical services and outcomes, and haemodynamic management is, by virtue of its role in physiology and physiopathology, a key element to pay attention. While the 2019 ERAS Cardiac Society guidelines do not address the issue of haemodynamic management, it is the purpose of this chapter to explore the impact of such considerations on patient outcome, in particular in patients scheduled for early extubation.