The land snails and slugs include several distinct lineages of gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda). In view of the many ecological roles required to sustain functioning ecosystems, terrestrial snails are likely to make significant contributions to ecosystem structure and function. Therefore an exploration of the species diversity and assemblage patterns of land snails was carried out as studies of terrestrial snail diversity in urban ecosystems are few in the Indian context. A random sampling of selected urban sites in and around Kolkata metropolis, India, was conducted for land snails with special attention to micro snails. The aim was to document the land snail fauna in the studied area, considering the impacts of urbanization and habitat fragmentation, and to conduct an assessment of land snail community homogenization and framing of management strategies. The presence of 13 land snail and three slug species of the families Succineidae, Cerastidae, Achatinidae, Helicarionidae, Ariophantidae, Valloniidae, Streptaxidae, Chronidae and Veronicellidae were recorded over the study period. Out of 16 species, 3 species were arboreal, and one was amphibious in nature. The relative abundance of land snails differed significantly with site, month and Family. Single linkage clustering, non-metric multidimensional scaling and co-occurrence results showed that urbanization can influence land snail community structure. The native synanthropic land snail species serve as promising indicator species for different levels of habitat degradation. These understudied land snail species, especially micro land snails, are on the verge of extinction. Conservation strategies should be adopted to maintain the land snail community and sustain the ecosystem services derived from them. However, site-specific microhabitat factors also appear to be essential for the integrity of land snail diversity, and the mechanism of these processes should be studied thoroughly.