Collective Computational Intelligence Challenges and Opportunities

The paper discusses current challenges and opportunities facing models, techniques, and algorithms in the broadly understood field of computational collective intelligence (CCI). We propose ordering classes of the CCI systems into generations. The first generation CCI systems do not use artificial intelligence components. The second-generation CCI systems display certain intelligent behavior in specific contexts. The third-generation CCI systems can achieve a wide range of goals, solve a variety of problems, and perform different tasks in many contexts and environments. The basis for the third-generation systems is Artificial Intelligence. The fourth generation CCI systems named the Global Computational Collective Intelligence (GCCI) are expected to appear sometime in the future. Next, we discuss technologies shaping current-generation CCI systems including generative AI, intelligent agents, and ANN technologies. Based on the above we evaluate developments leading towards Artificial General Intelligence and General Collective Computational Intelligence.