Numerous researchers worldwide have studied protective composites, but no literature has presented advanced systems that provide both improved protection and lightweight properties. Although some researchers have attempted to develop such systems, they are still in the early stages of basic research. Scientists have investigated various lightweight materials, including shear thickening fluid (STF) or shear stiffening polymer (SSP), but these advanced structures are still being formulated and have not resulted in significant weight reduction. Aerogel is a promising material for lightweight structures due to its extremely low density, but conventional aerogel is brittle and prone to fracture. To overcome this, flexible polymer fillers such as polyurethane are combined with aerogel to enhance the mechanical properties, making it suitable for various applications.