Many contributions in this book demonstrate the necessity of inter- and transdisciplinary work and understanding. Important topics are the still barely bridged gap between the humanities and the natural sciences, the claim of philosophy to be the foundation of all sciences, but also the gap between theory and practice. My two basic questions are what “transdisciplinary” means in contrast to the older term “interdisciplinary,” and especially what claims arise from a clearer understanding of “transdisciplinary.”