Morphological Markers of Changes in Sows’ Placenta with Different Tissue Receptivity

The intrauterine period of farm animals plays an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural systems. During this period, it is important to provide optimal conditions for the development of the fetus so that it can be healthy and strong after birth. The article presents studies of morphofunctional changes in the receptive profile of placental tissue of sows. Physiology study of the pregnant body indicates the functional load of all interrelated reactions in the “mother-placenta-fetus” system. This problem includes a number of measures to provide farms with livestock without undesirable perinatal complications. According to the methodology developed for assessing the enzymatic activity of the placenta, animals with high enzymatic activity of the placenta (with a placental carboxypeptidase level above 4.0 ± 0.18 units) were identified in the experimental group. The control group were animals with low enzymatic activity of the placenta (with the level of placental carboxypeptidase below 4.0 ± 0.18 units). Determination of the placenta thickness revealed significant changes. Thus, in the control group, the total thickness of the placenta was 2.95 ± 0.11 cm, the thickness of the fetal part was 0.72 ± 0.09 cm, the maternal part was 2.03 ± 0.04 cm. However, these indicators in the experimental group were significantly lower: the main one – 2.07 ± 0.14, the fetal one – 0.48 ± 0.09 cm, the maternal one – 1.54 ± 0.06 cm, respectively. A decrease in the thickness of the main regional elements of placental tissue indicates a thinning of the fetoplacental barrier complex.